1. Identify whether the form is a noun or adjective.
2. Confirm the additional alif and nūn.
3. For a noun, check proper-name status.
4. For an adjective, find the feminine form.
5. Apply the appropriate nominative, accusative and genitive endings. Do not decide from the last letters alone.
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How to Work Out the Ruling
Diptote Causes — Additional Alif and Nūn and Their Conditions
1. Identify whether the form is a noun or adjective.
2. Confirm the additional alif and nūn.
3. For a noun, check proper-name status.
4. For an adjective, find the feminine form.
5. Apply the appropriate nominative, accusative and genitive endings. Do not decide from the last letters alone.