رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ: ʿUthmān is an accusative object with fatḥa.
نَظَرْتُ إِلَى سَعْدَانٍ: Saʿdān is genitive after ilā, with kasra and tanwīn.
مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ سَكْرَانَ: Rajul is genitive with kasra; sakrān is its genitive adjective marked by fatḥa.
Each sentence tests a different condition.
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Diptote Causes — Additional Alif and Nūn and Their Conditions
رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ: ʿUthmān is an accusative object with fatḥa.
نَظَرْتُ إِلَى سَعْدَانٍ: Saʿdān is genitive after ilā, with kasra and tanwīn.
مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ سَكْرَانَ: Rajul is genitive with kasra; sakrān is its genitive adjective marked by fatḥa.
Each sentence tests a different condition.