In all five pairs listed here, the middle radical has ḍammah in both forms:
● Past: فَعُلَ
● Present: يَفْعُلُ
Examples: قَرُبَ—يَقْرُبُ and ضَعُفَ—يَضْعُفُ.
This observation is limited to these five listed pairs; it is not a universal claim about every Arabic verb.