Ibtidāʾ here means that Form IV has a distinct lexical meaning not found in the same way in the basic root form.
أَشْفَقَ
Translation: He was afraid.
The textbook contrasts the basic شَفَقَ, associated with compassion.
أَقْسَمَ
Translation: He swore an oath.
By contrast, قَسَمَ is given with the sense of dividing.
Shared root letters do not guarantee the same lexical sense in every derived form.
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Property 13: Ibtidāʾ (A Distinct New Sense)
Fifteen Semantic Properties of Form IV (Ifʿāl): From Causation to Responsiveness
Ibtidāʾ here means that Form IV has a distinct lexical meaning not found in the same way in the basic root form.
أَشْفَقَ
Translation: He was afraid.
The textbook contrasts the basic شَفَقَ, associated with compassion.
أَقْسَمَ
Translation: He swore an oath.
By contrast, قَسَمَ is given with the sense of dividing.
Shared root letters do not guarantee the same lexical sense in every derived form.