Grammatical Cases of Sound Plurals (Masculine and Feminine)

1. What Will We Learn in This Level?

● In this section, we will study the grammatical cases of both masculine and feminine sound plurals in detail.
● We will learn the difference between the endings ـُونَ and ـِينَ in the case forms of rational masculine sound plurals.
● We will study the change between ـَاتٌ and ـَاتٍ in feminine sound plurals.
● We will understand the special rule that the accusative feminine sound plural uses kasrah.
● We will complete all the masculine and feminine examples in the exercise.

2. Case-Ending Rule for the Masculine Sound Plural

● The grammatical cases of sound plurals for rational masculine nouns and adjectives are recognized by their final sounds:
○ nominative: ends in ـُونَ (ūna: sākin wāw and nūn with fatḥah), as in مُؤْمِنُونَ (many believing men).
○ accusative and genitive: end in ـِينَ (īna: a letter with kasrah, sākin yāʾ, and nūn with fatḥah), as in مُؤْمِنِينَ.
● Difference from the dual: The accusative dual ending is ـَيْنِ (ayni), with fatḥah before yāʾ, while the masculine plural ending is ـِينَ (īna), with kasrah before yāʾ.

3. Case-Ending Rule for the Feminine Sound Plural

● The grammatical-case rule for feminine nouns and non-rational things with sound plurals ending in alif and tāʾ is:
○ nominative: ends in ـَاتٌ (ātun: tanwīn with ḍammah), as in مُسْلِمَاتٌ (many Muslim women).
○ accusative and genitive: end in ـَاتٍ (ātin: tanwīn with kasrah), as in مُسْلِمَاتٍ.
● Important rule: The accusative feminine sound plural does not take fatḥah; it takes kasrah. Thus, both the accusative and genitive are read مُسْلِمَاتٍ.

4. Case Chart for the Masculine Sound Plural

Learn the nominative, accusative, and genitive forms of these masculine sound plurals:

Nominative
Accusative
Genitive

عَابِدُونَ
عَابِدِينَ
عَابِدِينَ

حَافِظُونَ
حَافِظِينَ
حَافِظِينَ

صَائِمُونَ
صَائِمِينَ
صَائِمِينَ

ذَاكِرُونَ
ذَاكِرِينَ
ذَاكِرِينَ

مُشْرِكُونَ
مُشْرِكِينَ
مُشْرِكِينَ

مُفْسِدُونَ
مُفْسِدِينَ
مُفْسِدِينَ

مُصْلِحُونَ
مُصْلِحِينَ
مُصْلِحِينَ

مُنَافِقُونَ
مُنَافِقِينَ
مُنَافِقِينَ

فَاسِقُونَ
فَاسِقِينَ
فَاسِقِينَ

مُنْذِرُونَ (warners)
مُنْذِرِينَ
مُنْذِرِينَ

مُتَوَكِّلُونَ
مُتَوَكِّلِينَ
مُتَوَكِّلِينَ

5. Case Chart for the Feminine Sound Plural (Part One)

● Learn the nominative, accusative, and genitive forms of these feminine sound plurals:

Nominative
Accusative
Genitive

مُؤْمِنَاتٌ
مُؤْمِنَاتٍ
مُؤْمِنَاتٍ

عَابِدَاتٌ
عَابِدَاتٍ
عَابِدَاتٍ

صَائِمَاتٌ
صَائِمَاتٍ
صَائِمَاتٍ

ذَاكِرَاتٌ
ذَاكِرَاتٍ
ذَاكِرَاتٍ

طَالِبَاتٌ
طَالِبَاتٍ
طَالِبَاتٍ

كَافِرَاتٌ
كَافِرَاتٍ
كَافِرَاتٍ

صَادِقَاتٌ
صَادِقَاتٍ
صَادِقَاتٍ

كَاذِبَاتٌ
كَاذِبَاتٍ
كَاذِبَاتٍ

6. Case Chart for the Feminine Sound Plural (Part Two)

● Learn the nominative, accusative, and genitive forms of these feminine sound plurals:

Nominative
Accusative
Genitive

صَالِحَاتٌ
صَالِحَاتٍ
صَالِحَاتٍ

خَاشِعَاتٌ
خَاشِعَاتٍ
خَاشِعَاتٍ

جَنَّاتٌ
جَنَّاتٍ
جَنَّاتٍ

آيَاتٌ
آيَاتٍ
آيَاتٍ

حُجْرَاتٌ
حُجْرَاتٍ
حُجْرَاتٍ

غُرْفَاتٌ
غُرْفَاتٍ
غُرْفَاتٍ

خُطُوَاتٌ
خُطُوَاتٍ
خُطُوَاتٍ

7. Level Summary

● The case of a masculine sound plural is shown by its final sounds: ـُونَ in the nominative and ـِينَ in both the accusative and genitive.
● The case of a feminine sound plural is shown by tanwīn: ـَاتٌ in the nominative and ـَاتٍ in both the accusative and genitive.
● The most important rule is that a feminine sound plural never takes fatḥah in the accusative; it is marked by kasrah (ـَاتٍ).