Word / formMeaning / explanation
قَالَ → قِيلَhe said → it was said.
بَاعَ → بِيعَhe sold → it was sold.
خَافَ → خِيفَhe feared → someone or something was feared (depending on context).
A passive verb does not express the agent as its grammatical subject; the predication concerns what undergoes the action. In hollow verbs the passive pattern looks unlike the corresponding active form, so the mere presence or absence of alif is not a sufficient voice test.
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Hollow Verbs: Seven Iʿlāl Rules and Three Short Paradigms
Word / formMeaning / explanation
قَالَ → قِيلَhe said → it was said.
بَاعَ → بِيعَhe sold → it was sold.
خَافَ → خِيفَhe feared → someone or something was feared (depending on context).
A passive verb does not express the agent as its grammatical subject; the predication concerns what undergoes the action. In hollow verbs the passive pattern looks unlike the corresponding active form, so the mere presence or absence of alif is not a sufficient voice test.