The chapter’s seven rules explain how a weak middle radical adapts to different inflectional environments.
Word / formMeaning / explanation
Rule 1moving wāw/yāʾ becomes alif after preceding fatḥah.
Rules 2–4elision owing to meeting quiescent letters, with the appropriate vowel on the first radical.
Rule 5vowel transfer with wāw/yāʾ preserved.
Rule 6fatḥah transfer followed by alif substitution.
Rule 7hamzah in the active participle after its additional alif.
Distinguishing the environments produces a reasoned derivation rather than rote substitutions.