جَاءَ أَبِي — abī is nominative subject with an estimated ending, plus possessive -ī.
جَاءَ قَاضِيَّ — qāḍiyya is nominative subject with assimilated yāʾs.
جَاءَنِي مُسْلِمِيَّ — muslimiyya is the subject; the sound masculine plural undergoes wāw-to-yāʾ conversion and idghām.
All are subjects; the morphological reason for their shape differs.
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Iḍāfah to Yāʾ al-Mutakallim and the Six Nouns
جَاءَ أَبِي — abī is nominative subject with an estimated ending, plus possessive -ī.
جَاءَ قَاضِيَّ — qāḍiyya is nominative subject with assimilated yāʾs.
جَاءَنِي مُسْلِمِيَّ — muslimiyya is the subject; the sound masculine plural undergoes wāw-to-yāʾ conversion and idghām.
All are subjects; the morphological reason for their shape differs.