A fiʿl majhūl (passive verb) does not identify the doer; instead, attention falls on the person or thing affected by the action. Arabic normally uses a characteristic vowel change to produce the passive form.
ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا — Zayd struck ʿAmr; active.
ضُرِبَ عَمْرٌ — ʿAmr was struck; passive.
The passive sentence does not tell us who struck him. Changing ضَرَبَ to ضُرِبَ changes the internal vowels and the grammatical perspective.
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Passive verb: the doer is not specified
Introduction to ʿIlm al-Ṣarf and Basic Terminology
A fiʿl majhūl (passive verb) does not identify the doer; instead, attention falls on the person or thing affected by the action. Arabic normally uses a characteristic vowel change to produce the passive form.
ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا — Zayd struck ʿAmr; active.
ضُرِبَ عَمْرٌ — ʿAmr was struck; passive.
The passive sentence does not tell us who struck him. Changing ضَرَبَ to ضُرِبَ changes the internal vowels and the grammatical perspective.