Original/root letters are the consonants belonging to a word's basic lexical root. Many Arabic verbs have three such consonants in a fixed order, which carry the core lexical meaning.
The root of نَصَرَ is ن، ص، ر.
The root of ضَرَبَ is ض، ر، ب.
With the template فَعَلَ, the first, second and third root letters correspond to fāʾ, ʿayn and lām. In نَصَرَ, nūn corresponds to fāʾ, ṣād to ʿayn, and rāʾ to lām.
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Root letters and the word's lexical base
Introduction to ʿIlm al-Ṣarf and Basic Terminology
Original/root letters are the consonants belonging to a word's basic lexical root. Many Arabic verbs have three such consonants in a fixed order, which carry the core lexical meaning.
The root of نَصَرَ is ن، ص، ر.
The root of ضَرَبَ is ض، ر، ب.
With the template فَعَلَ, the first, second and third root letters correspond to fāʾ, ʿayn and lām. In نَصَرَ, nūn corresponds to fāʾ, ṣād to ʿayn, and rāʾ to lām.