Applying the rules to the textbook exercises

Negating the Imperfect with Lan and Lam: Subjunctive, Jussive and Full Paradigms

The exercise on printed page 19 includes forms such as لَنْ يَجْتَنِبَ، لَنْ يَسْمَعَ، لَمْ يَكْتُبْ، لَمْ يَعْلَمْ for identifying meaning and grammatical person.

Word / formMeaning / explanation
لَنْ يَجْتَنِبَhe will not avoid; third-person masculine singular, future negative.
لَنْ يَسْمَعَhe will not hear; third-person masculine singular, future negative.
لَمْ يَكْتُبْhe did not write; third-person masculine singular, past negative.
لَمْ يَعْلَمْhe did not know; third-person masculine singular, past negative.

These verbs differ in roots and patterns, but the focus here is how lan/lam affect the imperfect ending.