هَذَا is commonly an indeclinable demonstrative; its syntax is described by case position.
الْعَصَا is an inflected maqṣūr noun; its case is described by an estimated vowel.
الْقَاضِي is not maqṣūr; it is a manqūṣ noun, discussed in the following class.
Principle: Identify both the morphological noun type and its role in the sentence.
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Noun Case Class 7 — Maqṣūr and Nouns with Possessive Yāʾ
هَذَا is commonly an indeclinable demonstrative; its syntax is described by case position.
الْعَصَا is an inflected maqṣūr noun; its case is described by an estimated vowel.
الْقَاضِي is not maqṣūr; it is a manqūṣ noun, discussed in the following class.
Principle: Identify both the morphological noun type and its role in the sentence.