In بِالْقَاضِي, بِـ is the preposition and الْقَاضِي its genitive complement. Together they form a prepositional phrase.
The phrase attaches to the verb مَرَرْتُ and indicates who was passed by.
Review: the noun is a subject in example 1, an object in example 2, and a genitive noun in example 3.
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Noun Case Class 8 — The Manqūṣ Noun
In بِالْقَاضِي, بِـ is the preposition and الْقَاضِي its genitive complement. Together they form a prepositional phrase.
The phrase attaches to the verb مَرَرْتُ and indicates who was passed by.
Review: the noun is a subject in example 1, an object in example 2, and a genitive noun in example 3.