Type 1: fully declinable (munṣarif) — زَيْد:
Nominative: زَيْدٌ; accusative: زَيْدًا; genitive: زَيْدٍ.
Type 3: diptote (ghayr munṣarif) — عُمَر:
Nominative: عُمَرُ; accusative: عُمَرَ; genitive: عُمَرَ.
Zayd normally takes tanwīn, whereas ʿUmar does not. Zayd’s genitive uses kasra; ʿUmar’s uses fatḥa in the basic construction. Both remain muʿrab.