When do the six nouns take letter-based case signs?
1. Non-diminutive form.
2. Singular form.
3. Occurring as the first term of iḍāfa.
4. Added to something other than first-person possessive yāʾ.
In جَاءَ أَخُوكَ, all four conditions are present; therefore «أَخُو» is nominative with wāw.
Judge the word in its construction, not in isolation.