Practical Exercises with Phrases in Nominal Sentences

Read the bilingual lesson for Practical Exercises with Phrases in Nominal Sentences and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. What Will We Learn in This Section?

● In this section, we will learn to translate different long and important sentences into Arabic.
● We will practise different grammatical uses of the iḍāfah, prepositional phrase, and demonstrative phrase in sentences.
● We will learn the spelling changes when dual and plural muḍāf forms function as the predicate.
● We will learn the Arabic translations of all 17 major sentences.

2. Practical Exercises: Muḍāf and Adjective as Predicate (Part One)

● Study the Arabic translations of these important sentences:
○ Zayd is a righteous boy: -> زَيْدٌ وَلَدٌ صَالِحٌ (Zayd is a single-word subject; وَلَدٌ صَالِحٌ is an adjectival-phrase predicate.)
○ Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah: -> مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ (رَسُولُ اللهِ is an iḍāfah predicate.)
○ Prayer is the pillar of the religion: -> اَلصَّلَاةُ عِمَادُ الدِّينِ.
○ Allah is the Lord of all people: -> اَللهُ رَبُّ جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ (رَبُّ جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ is a complex iḍāfah predicate.)
○ Allah is the Master of the Day of Recompense: -> اَللهُ مَالِكُ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ.

3. Practical Exercises: Mixed and Long Sentences (Part Two)

● Study the translations of sentences with a muḍāf ilayh and conjunction:
○ The world is the believer's prison and the disbeliever's paradise: -> اَلدُّنْيَا سِجْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَجَنَّةُ الْكَافِرِ (Two iḍāfah predicates are joined by the conjunction wāw.)
○ Prayer is the believer's ascent: -> اَلصَّلَاةُ مِعْرَاجُ الْمُؤْمِنِ.
○ Supplication is the essence of worship: -> اَلدُّعَاءُ مُخُّ الْعِبَادَةِ.
○ The world is the field of the Hereafter: -> اَلدُّنْيَا مَزْرَعَةُ الْآخِرَةِ.
○ Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth: -> اَللهُ نُورُ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ.
○ Allah is the Lord of all the worlds: -> اَللهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ.

4. Practical Exercises: Demonstratives and Dual Muḍāf Forms (Part Three)

● Learn the translations of sentences with demonstratives and dual forms whose final nūn is dropped:
○ This book is new: -> هٰذَا الْكِتَابُ جَدِيدٌ (هٰذَا الْكِتَابُ is a demonstrative-phrase subject; جَدِيدٌ is a single-word predicate.)
○ That fan is old: -> تِلْكَ الْمِرْوَحَةُ قَدِيمَةٌ (الْمِرْوَحَةُ is feminine, so both the demonstrative and predicate are feminine.)
○ Ḥāmid's brother is truthful: -> أَخُو حَامِدٍ صَادِقٌ (أَخُو is one of the five nouns, used as a nominative muḍāf with wāw.)
○ Allah is the Protector of the God-conscious: -> اَللهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ (الْمُتَّقِينَ is a genitive sound masculine plural muḍāf ilayh.)
○ These are Zayd's sons: -> هٰؤُلَاءِ بَنُو زَيْدٍ (The final nūn of بَنُونَ is dropped, and بَنُو becomes the muḍāf predicate.)
○ These two are Zayd's boys: -> هٰذَانِ وَلَدَا زَيْدٍ (The final nūn of the dual muḍāf وَلَدَانِ is dropped, producing وَلَدَا.)

Practice questions

Question 1

Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah

Question 2

This book is new

Question 3

These are Zayd's sons

Question 4

These two are Zayd's boys

Question 5

Why does the subject أَخُو in أَخُو حَامِدٍ صَادِقٌ, 'Ḥāmid's brother is truthful,' end with wāw?

Because it is one of the five nouns, and when nominative as a muḍāf it ends with wāw
Because it is dual
Because it is plural

Question 6

Match the following English sentences with their correct Arabic translations:

Question 7

Sort the following compound sentences according to whether their predicate is an adjectival phrase or an iḍāfah:

Question 8

What is the correct Arabic translation of "That fan is old."? The Arabic noun مِرْوَحَةٌ, 'fan,' is feminine.

تِلْكَ الْمِرْوَحَةُ قَدِيمَةٌ
ذٰلِكَ الْمِرْوَحَةُ قَدِيمٌ
تِلْكَ الْمِرْوَحَةُ قَدِيمٌ

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