All Seven Functions at a Glance

Seven Semantic Functions of Form VI (Tafāʿul): Reciprocity, Multiplicity, Pretence, Response, Equivalence, and Independent Uses

The seven functions appear in the textbook in this order:

No.FunctionTextbook illustration
1Mutual participationتَشَاتَمَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو
2Multiplicity of actorsتَرَافَعَا شَيْئًا
3Pretenceتَمَارَضَ زَيْدٌ
4Response to Form IIIبَاعَدْتُهُ فَتَبَاعَدَ
5Equivalence with basic formتَعَالَى
6Equivalence with Form IVتَيَامَنَ
7Independent lexical usageتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ

The chart is a navigation aid, not a substitute for explaining why each example belongs to its category.