ضَرَبَ مُوسَىٰ عِيسَىٰ
Translation: Mūsā struck ʿĪsā. (This is a grammatical illustration, not a historical claim.)
ضَرَبَ: past-tense verb, built on fatḥ.
مُوسَىٰ: nominative subject; ḍamma is estimated because the final alif cannot take a vowel.
عِيسَىٰ: accusative object; fatḥa is likewise estimated.
Because neither final vowel can appear, word order is essential to disambiguate this example.
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Subject Rules: Order, Ellipsis and Passive Promotion
ضَرَبَ مُوسَىٰ عِيسَىٰ
Translation: Mūsā struck ʿĪsā. (This is a grammatical illustration, not a historical claim.)
ضَرَبَ: past-tense verb, built on fatḥ.
مُوسَىٰ: nominative subject; ḍamma is estimated because the final alif cannot take a vowel.
عِيسَىٰ: accusative object; fatḥa is likewise estimated.
Because neither final vowel can appear, word order is essential to disambiguate this example.