إِنَّ: indeclinable accusative-governing particle.
زَيْدًا: accusative ism inna.
أَبُوهُ: inner mubtadaʾ, nominative by wāw under the six-nouns rule; «ـهُ» is a genitive possessive pronoun.
قَائِمٌ: nominative predicate of «أَبُوهُ».
أَبُوهُ قَائِمٌ: entire inner nominal clause, in the nominative syntactic position of khabar inna.
The pronoun «ـهُ» refers back to Zayd.
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The Predicate of Inna and Its Sisters
إِنَّ: indeclinable accusative-governing particle.
زَيْدًا: accusative ism inna.
أَبُوهُ: inner mubtadaʾ, nominative by wāw under the six-nouns rule; «ـهُ» is a genitive possessive pronoun.
قَائِمٌ: nominative predicate of «أَبُوهُ».
أَبُوهُ قَائِمٌ: entire inner nominal clause, in the nominative syntactic position of khabar inna.
The pronoun «ـهُ» refers back to Zayd.