Attribution, Covering, and Coating

Thirteen Semantic Properties of Form II (Tafʿīl): From Causation and Multiplicity to Independent Meanings

These properties can appear superficially similar but report distinct events:

PropertySource exampleMeaning
Attributionفَسَّقْتُ زَيْدًاDeclare Zayd sinful
Coveringجَلَّلْتُ الْفَرَسَCover the horse
Coatingذَهَّبْتُ السَّيْفَGild the sword

Attribution assigns a description; covering places something over an object; coating applies material. The source distinguishes them semantically.