• Mukhālafat al-thiqāt: transmitting contrary to a more reliable narrator.
• Mudraj: added material in the chain or text that a listener takes as part of the Hadith.
• Two forms: an added narrator in the chain, or a narrator’s statement blended into the text.
• The example: وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ explains a word and must be recognized separately.
• Ruling: distinguish prohibited insertion from permitted explanation of an unfamiliar word.
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Summary
Contradicting more reliable narrators and Mudraj
• Mukhālafat al-thiqāt: transmitting contrary to a more reliable narrator.
• Mudraj: added material in the chain or text that a listener takes as part of the Hadith.
• Two forms: an added narrator in the chain, or a narrator’s statement blended into the text.
• The example: وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ explains a word and must be recognized separately.
• Ruling: distinguish prohibited insertion from permitted explanation of an unfamiliar word.