• Muḍṭarib: conflicting reports with neither reconciliation nor preference possible. Removing the conflict affects the ruling.
• Muṣaḥḥaf: a change in dots; the example misreads سِتًّا as شَيْئًا.
• Muḥarraf: the case of a change in a letter’s form.
• Narrator assessment: an isolated error and frequent misreading are not equivalent.
• Distinguish a report’s variation from a narrator’s overall reliability.
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Summary
Muḍṭarib, muṣaḥḥaf and muḥarraf
• Muḍṭarib: conflicting reports with neither reconciliation nor preference possible. Removing the conflict affects the ruling.
• Muṣaḥḥaf: a change in dots; the example misreads سِتًّا as شَيْئًا.
• Muḥarraf: the case of a change in a letter’s form.
• Narrator assessment: an isolated error and frequent misreading are not equivalent.
• Distinguish a report’s variation from a narrator’s overall reliability.