The causes concerning integrity are:
1. Kadhib: lying.
2. Tuhmat al-kadhib: accusation of lying.
3. Fisq: religious disobedience.
4. Bidʿah: a defect concerning innovation in religion.
5. Jahālah: insufficient knowledge of the narrator or his circumstances.
These are introductory headings; their detailed forms will be studied separately.
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Narrator Criticism and Fabricated Reports
The causes concerning integrity are:
1. Kadhib: lying.
2. Tuhmat al-kadhib: accusation of lying.
3. Fisq: religious disobedience.
4. Bidʿah: a defect concerning innovation in religion.
5. Jahālah: insufficient knowledge of the narrator or his circumstances.
These are introductory headings; their detailed forms will be studied separately.