The causes concerning integrity are:
1. Kadhib: lying.
2. Tuhmat al-kadhib: accusation of lying.
3. Fisq: religious disobedience.
4. Bidʿah: a defect concerning innovation in religion.
5. Jahālah: insufficient knowledge of the narrator or his circumstances.
These are introductory headings; their detailed forms will be studied separately.
Opening interactive controls...
Review: reasons for weakness in reports
The causes concerning integrity are:
1. Kadhib: lying.
2. Tuhmat al-kadhib: accusation of lying.
3. Fisq: religious disobedience.
4. Bidʿah: a defect concerning innovation in religion.
5. Jahālah: insufficient knowledge of the narrator or his circumstances.
These are introductory headings; their detailed forms will be studied separately.