Analogy: Original and New Cases, Common Cause, Co-variation and Elimination

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• What is the characteristic direction of tamthīl?
• Why does the definition require a common unifying meaning?
• What is the aṣl in analogy?
• In the source analogy about the world and house, which is the farʿ?
• What is the shared meaning in the classical example?
• Why is visible similarity insufficient for analogy?
• Which name commonly denotes this form of analogy in juristic terminology?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes induction and analogy?
• What does the same color of two medicines establish?
• Which two principal methods for assessing causes does the source name?
• Which two situations are examined in dawārān?
• What does ṭard wa-ʿaks refer to here?
• What does madār refer to in causal co-variation?
• What possibility remains after observing co-variation?
• What is the function of taqsīm in sabr wa-taqsīm?
• Which candidate may be excluded during sabr?
• What is the defect of an incomplete list of causal alternatives?
• Which feature is retained as the shared causal candidate in the classical house argument?
• How should references to immaterial substances and celestial bodies be understood?
• Which procedure most closely resembles sabr wa-taqsīm?
• What claim is directly weakened by a counterexample?
• What is the main problem when aṣl and farʿ are confused?
• What is wrong with inferring identical effects merely from manufacture in the same city?
• Which statement best contrasts the two causal methods?
• Which question best assesses the strength of an analogy?
• Why does sharing a diagnosis not automatically establish identical treatment?
• Tamthīl attempts to extend a judgment from one particular to another.
• One observation of a feature and judgment together is enough for complete dawārān.
• Sabr wa-taqsīm tests and excludes unsuitable causal candidates.
• Rejecting one proposed cause automatically excludes every unlisted alternative.