1. Treating superficial similarity as a cause: looking alike is insufficient.
2. Using an incomplete list of alternatives: overlooking a plausible cause undermines elimination reasoning.
3. Claiming certainty from mere association: even co-variation requires examination of other factors.
4. Confusing the original with the new case: doing so obscures what is already known and what is to be established.
A clear analysis separates the premises, shared meaning, and evidence for the cause.
Opening interactive controls...
Analogy: Original and New Cases, Common Cause, Co-variation and Elimination
1. Treating superficial similarity as a cause: looking alike is insufficient.
2. Using an incomplete list of alternatives: overlooking a plausible cause undermines elimination reasoning.
3. Claiming certainty from mere association: even co-variation requires examination of other factors.
4. Confusing the original with the new case: doing so obscures what is already known and what is to be established.
A clear analysis separates the premises, shared meaning, and evidence for the cause.