The source note explains that jurists commonly call this form of inference qiyās. The known case is the aṣl, the new case the farʿ, and the operative common feature the ʿillah.
In theological discourse, the pattern can be described as inferring from the observed (shāhid) to the unobserved (ghāʾib). The former is the known case and the latter the case to which the judgment is being extended.
The focus here is the logical structure of analogy, not a ruling about any particular juristic case.
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Analogy: Original and New Cases, Common Cause, Co-variation and Elimination
The source note explains that jurists commonly call this form of inference qiyās. The known case is the aṣl, the new case the farʿ, and the operative common feature the ʿillah.
In theological discourse, the pattern can be described as inferring from the observed (shāhid) to the unobserved (ghāʾib). The former is the known case and the latter the case to which the judgment is being extended.
The focus here is the logical structure of analogy, not a ruling about any particular juristic case.