Seeing dark clouds can suggest rain, but our observation does not cause rain, and clouds do not guarantee it. Likewise, a warning light may indicate a fault without producing the fault itself.
These examples clarify the difference between an epistemic sign and a real cause.
They are illustrations of the distinction, not automatically conclusive demonstrations. For a true burhān, the relevant conditional premises, alternatives, and level of certainty must be independently established.
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Demonstration Through Causes and Effects: Limmī and Innī
Seeing dark clouds can suggest rain, but our observation does not cause rain, and clouds do not guarantee it. Likewise, a warning light may indicate a fault without producing the fault itself.
These examples clarify the difference between an epistemic sign and a real cause.
They are illustrations of the distinction, not automatically conclusive demonstrations. For a true burhān, the relevant conditional premises, alternatives, and level of certainty must be independently established.