Given two universals, test their instances:
Equality: each applies to all instances of the other — human and rational.
Disjointness: no shared instance — human and horse.
Absolute inclusion: one, but not both, contains all instances of the other — animal and human.
Partial overlap: at least one shared instance and exclusive instances on both sides — animal and white.
The labels general and specific are conclusions from examining predication and extension, not substitutes for that examination.
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Four Relations Between Universals and Relative Particularity
Given two universals, test their instances:
Equality: each applies to all instances of the other — human and rational.
Disjointness: no shared instance — human and horse.
Absolute inclusion: one, but not both, contains all instances of the other — animal and human.
Partial overlap: at least one shared instance and exclusive instances on both sides — animal and white.
The labels general and specific are conclusions from examining predication and extension, not substitutes for that examination.