LessonsFour Relations Between Universals and Relative ParticularityQuiz

In logic, to say that an individual falls under a universal is to say that the universal can truly be predicated of that individual. Zayd falls under both “human” and “animal.”

Three questions guide the classification:
1. Is there any shared instance?
2. Does every instance of the first fall under the second?
3. Does every instance of the second fall under the first?

One shared example cannot establish equality, and one different example cannot establish disjointness. Each relation concerns the whole range of application.

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Predication, not verbal resemblance

Four Relations Between Universals and Relative Particularity

In logic, to say that an individual falls under a universal is to say that the universal can truly be predicated of that individual. Zayd falls under both “human” and “animal.”

Three questions guide the classification:
1. Is there any shared instance?
2. Does every instance of the first fall under the second?
3. Does every instance of the second fall under the first?

One shared example cannot establish equality, and one different example cannot establish disjointness. Each relation concerns the whole range of application.