The observer may have examined some humans but overlooked other two-legged creatures, such as chickens. The observations could be accurate while the universal conclusion is false. “Rational” here reflects a classical logical classification; the example is not a scientific claim that animals have no cognitive abilities.
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Where the example can fail
Induction and Analogy — Istiqra and Tamthil
The observer may have examined some humans but overlooked other two-legged creatures, such as chickens. The observations could be accurate while the universal conclusion is false. “Rational” here reflects a classical logical classification; the example is not a scientific claim that animals have no cognitive abilities.