LessonsModal Propositions: The Eight Simple ModalitiesQuiz

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Every celestial sphere is perpetually moving.

Within the older cosmological framework used by the book, this illustrates an affirmative permanent proposition. The text also supplies a permanent denial of rest to that sphere. Logically the example links predication to the whole duration of the subject's existence.

The old celestial-sphere model should not be presented as a verified claim of modern physics. For understanding the logical form, the essential point is that “permanently” means continuous predication, not automatically “necessarily.”

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The book’s example of permanence

Modal Propositions: The Eight Simple Modalities

«كل فلك متحرك بالدوام»
Every celestial sphere is perpetually moving.

Within the older cosmological framework used by the book, this illustrates an affirmative permanent proposition. The text also supplies a permanent denial of rest to that sphere. Logically the example links predication to the whole duration of the subject's existence.

The old celestial-sphere model should not be presented as a verified claim of modern physics. For understanding the logical form, the essential point is that “permanently” means continuous predication, not automatically “necessarily.”