LessonsModal Propositions: The Eight Simple ModalitiesQuiz

Necessity says the contrary cannot obtain under the given qualification. Permanence says the predicate in fact holds throughout the stated period.

Suppose a particular lamp remained lit throughout its short life. “It stayed lit its whole lifetime” reports continuity, but being lit did not belong to the lamp's essence; it could have been extinguished. In contrast, “A human is an animal” expresses a necessary genus–species relation.

Thus, even if two claims mention the same span of time, they need not express the same modality. Continuity and necessity demand different analyses.

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Necessity versus permanence

Modal Propositions: The Eight Simple Modalities

Necessity says the contrary cannot obtain under the given qualification. Permanence says the predicate in fact holds throughout the stated period.

Suppose a particular lamp remained lit throughout its short life. “It stayed lit its whole lifetime” reports continuity, but being lit did not belong to the lamp's essence; it could have been extinguished. In contrast, “A human is an animal” expresses a necessary genus–species relation.

Thus, even if two claims mention the same span of time, they need not express the same modality. Continuity and necessity demand different analyses.