«تقسيم آخر للحملية»
Another division of categorical propositions.
The new criterion is the perspective from which the subject and the judgment are considered: subject existing externally, subject considered in the mind, or the subject as determined in reality itself.
The resulting categories are external (khārijiyyah), mental (dhihniyyah), and real (ḥaqīqiyyah). Unlike quantity-based classification, this is not just the question “How many members?” but concerns how the domain of the judgment is understood.