LessonsProof: Syllogism, Induction, Analogy and the Four FiguresQuiz

A basic division of qiyās is:
1. Exceptional syllogism (istithnāʾī): the conclusion or its contradictory is explicitly present in the premises.
2. Conjunctive syllogism (iqtirānī): neither the complete conclusion nor its contradictory is explicitly present as such in the premises.

“If Zayd is human he is an animal; but he is human” draws the consequent as a result. By contrast, “Zayd is human; every human is an animal” yields its conclusion by linking the premises.

What matters is how the conclusion occurs in the premises, not merely how many sentences are written.

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Two principal forms of qiyās

Proof: Syllogism, Induction, Analogy and the Four Figures

A basic division of qiyās is:
1. Exceptional syllogism (istithnāʾī): the conclusion or its contradictory is explicitly present in the premises.
2. Conjunctive syllogism (iqtirānī): neither the complete conclusion nor its contradictory is explicitly present as such in the premises.

“If Zayd is human he is an animal; but he is human” draws the consequent as a result. By contrast, “Zayd is human; every human is an animal” yields its conclusion by linking the premises.

What matters is how the conclusion occurs in the premises, not merely how many sentences are written.