LessonsSimple Conversion: Definition, Categorical Rules and ReductioQuiz

Reversing words is not sufficient. A proper converse must be necessarily true whenever the original is true.

“All humans are animals” is true, but “All animals are humans” is false; a horse is an animal but not human. That reversal of wording is therefore not a valid simple converse.

The valid converse is “Some animals are humans.” The actual human members belong to both classes, making the particular converse true.

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Why truth must be preserved

Simple Conversion: Definition, Categorical Rules and Reductio

Reversing words is not sufficient. A proper converse must be necessarily true whenever the original is true.

“All humans are animals” is true, but “All animals are humans” is false; a horse is an animal but not human. That reversal of wording is therefore not a valid simple converse.

The valid converse is “Some animals are humans.” The actual human members belong to both classes, making the particular converse true.