Minor: No stone is alive.
Major: Every deer is alive.
Conclusion: No stone is a deer.
“Alive” is the predicate of both premises. The minor is universal negative, the major universal affirmative, so the qualities differ and the major is universal.
The negative conclusion follows from the necessary relation of the premises, not from an additional empirical observation about stones and deer.
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The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods
Minor: No stone is alive.
Major: Every deer is alive.
Conclusion: No stone is a deer.
“Alive” is the predicate of both premises. The minor is universal negative, the major universal affirmative, so the qualities differ and the major is universal.
The negative conclusion follows from the necessary relation of the premises, not from an additional empirical observation about stones and deer.