LessonsThe Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive MoodsQuiz

First figure: Middle predicate of minor and subject of major; affirmative minor and universal major. It can yield either positive or negative conclusions.
Second figure: Middle predicate of both; premises of opposite qualities and a universal major. It can yield negative conclusions only.

Both figures have four productive moods among sixteen initial combinations, but their validity conditions differ. The first figure requires an affirmative minor; the second permits a negative minor as long as the major is universal affirmative.

Opening interactive controls...

A comparison with the first figure

The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

First figure: Middle predicate of minor and subject of major; affirmative minor and universal major. It can yield either positive or negative conclusions.
Second figure: Middle predicate of both; premises of opposite qualities and a universal major. It can yield negative conclusions only.

Both figures have four productive moods among sixteen initial combinations, but their validity conditions differ. The first figure requires an affirmative minor; the second permits a negative minor as long as the major is universal affirmative.