LessonsTypes of Qiyas: Istithna’i and IqtiraniQuiz

Haqiqiyyah: neither both true nor both false.
Mani‘at al-jam‘: not both true; both may be false.
Mani‘at al-khulu: not both false; both may be true.
Thus haqiqiyyah permits both kinds of inference. Mani‘at al-jam‘ supports affirmation-to-denial; mani‘at al-khulu supports denial-to-affirmation.

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Compare the three disjunctive patterns

Types of Qiyas: Istithna’i and Iqtirani

Haqiqiyyah: neither both true nor both false.
Mani‘at al-jam‘: not both true; both may be false.
Mani‘at al-khulu: not both false; both may be true.
Thus haqiqiyyah permits both kinds of inference. Mani‘at al-jam‘ supports affirmation-to-denial; mani‘at al-khulu supports denial-to-affirmation.