Invalid pattern: If it rains, the road becomes wet; the road is wet; therefore it rained. Other causes, such as washing the road, can explain the wetness. “If P then Q” does not mean “Q only if P.” This is the fallacy of affirming the consequent.
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A common error: affirming the consequent
Types of Qiyas: Istithna’i and Iqtirani
Invalid pattern: If it rains, the road becomes wet; the road is wet; therefore it rained. Other causes, such as washing the road, can explain the wetness. “If P then Q” does not mean “Q only if P.” This is the fallacy of affirming the consequent.