Permanent qualities help distinguish letters, even when their articulation points are near each other. Memorize the collections and then listen for their acoustic consequences.
Hams letters: فَحَثَّهُ شَخْصٌ سَكَتَ
Shiddah letters: أَجِدْ قَطٍ بَكَتْ
Tawassuṭ letters: لِنْ عُمَرْ
Istiʿlāʾ letters: خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظْ
For example, ṣād has istiʿlāʾ and iṭbāq; sīn lacks them. Sharing ṣafīr does not make these two letters equivalent.
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Using permanent letter qualities
Comprehensive Revision — Applying Tajwīd Rules
Permanent qualities help distinguish letters, even when their articulation points are near each other. Memorize the collections and then listen for their acoustic consequences.
Hams letters: فَحَثَّهُ شَخْصٌ سَكَتَ
Shiddah letters: أَجِدْ قَطٍ بَكَتْ
Tawassuṭ letters: لِنْ عُمَرْ
Istiʿlāʾ letters: خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظْ
For example, ṣād has istiʿlāʾ and iṭbāq; sīn lacks them. Sharing ṣafīr does not make these two letters equivalent.