The long note mentions different scholarly ways of describing these closely related emphatic consonants. It should not be simplified into “ḍād is just dāl” or “ẓāʾ and ḍād may be merged”.
Hear and repeat ضَ، ظَ with a competent teacher. A diagram or mirror may help with gross tongue position, but trained listening and feedback are needed to check the sound.
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Training ḍād and ẓāʾ without overcompensation
Letter-by-Letter Qualities and Distinguishing Features
The long note mentions different scholarly ways of describing these closely related emphatic consonants. It should not be simplified into “ḍād is just dāl” or “ẓāʾ and ḍād may be merged”.
Hear and repeat ضَ، ظَ with a competent teacher. A diagram or mirror may help with gross tongue position, but trained listening and feedback are needed to check the sound.