ظ: jahr, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ, iṭbāq and emphatic pronunciation; it must not collapse into ḍād. ع: jahr, intermediate flow, istifāl and openness, unlike breathy ḥāʾ.
غ: jahr, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ and openness, unlike the breathy خ. ف: hams, rikhāwah, istifāl and infitāḥ, articulated with the lower lip and upper front teeth.
Opening interactive controls...
Chart entries 17–20: ẓāʾ, ʿayn, ghayn, fāʾ
Letter-by-Letter Qualities and Distinguishing Features
ظ: jahr, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ, iṭbāq and emphatic pronunciation; it must not collapse into ḍād. ع: jahr, intermediate flow, istifāl and openness, unlike breathy ḥāʾ.
غ: jahr, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ and openness, unlike the breathy خ. ف: hams, rikhāwah, istifāl and infitāḥ, articulated with the lower lip and upper front teeth.