Several mechanisms can produce interpretive alternatives.
Lexical range: one word has more than one recognized sense, as discussed with “lāmastum.”
Attachment of coordination: a coordinated word may be related to different preceding structures, as with “arjulakum.”
Coordination versus resumption: a conjunction can continue a phrase or begin a new clause, as discussed in Āl ʿImrān 3:7.
Pronoun reference: different antecedents can fit a pronominal form.
Each case demands a different line of investigation. Lexical ambiguity calls for usage evidence; syntactic linkage for parsing and discourse; reference for agreement and context. Finding alternatives is not the end of interpretation: relevant contextual evidence can also make one reading stronger than another.