Surah Al-Buruj — Part 2

1. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 9

ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ شَهِيدٌ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِى begins a relative clause. In it لَهُۥ is the fronted predicate and مُلْكُ the delayed topic. The final clause has ٱللَّهُ as topic and شَهِيدٌ as predicate.

Ayah summary
The kingdom of the heavens and earth belongs to Allah, and He witnesses everything.

ٱلَّذِى — The One Who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun; it may continue as a genitive adjective of ٱللَّهِ or begin a new nominative predicate reading.

لَهُۥ — for Him
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُۥ its genitive pronoun; in the relative clause the phrase is the fronted predicate.

مُلْكُ — (is) the dominion
Grammar: A nominative delayed topic, annexed to ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ.

ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ — (of) the heavens
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; سَّمَـٰوَٰتِ is a sound feminine plural serving as the genitive complement of مُلْكُ.

وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ — and the earth
Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and أَرْضِ is genitive by coordination with ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ.

وَٱللَّهُ — and Allah
Grammar: وَ begins a coordinated clause and ٱللَّهُ is its nominative topic.

عَلَىٰ — on
Grammar: A preposition; the phrase عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ is linked to شَهِيدٌ.

كُلِّ — every
Grammar: A genitive noun after عَلَىٰ, annexed to شَىْءٍۢ.

شَىْءٍۢ — thing
Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of كُلِّ.

شَهِيدٌ — (is) a Witness
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative intensive noun functioning as the predicate of ٱللَّهُ.

2. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 10

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا۟ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا۟ فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ ٱلْحَرِيقِ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِينَ is the noun of إِنَّ. فَتَنُوا۟ is its relative clause with two coordinated objects; ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا۟ is coordinated. The two لَهُمْ عَذَابُ clauses form the predicate.

Ayah summary
Those who persecute believers to turn them from faith and do not repent will face the punishment of Hell.

إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle; its noun and predicate follow.

ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the accusative noun of إِنَّ.

فَتَنُوا۟ — persecuted
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.

ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ — the believing men
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; مُؤْمِنِينَ is the masculine-plural accusative object of فَتَنُوا۟, marked by yāʾ.

وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ — and the believing women
Grammar: وَ coordinates, ٱل is the definite article, and مُؤْمِنَـٰتِ is a coordinated accusative object marked by kasra as a sound feminine plural.

ثُمَّ — then
Grammar: A conjunction indicating sequence with delay.

لَمْ — not
Grammar: A negative, jussive and past-shifting particle making يَتُوبُوا۟ jussive.

يَتُوبُوا۟ — they repented
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural jussive imperfect after لَمْ. Attached و is the subject; the indicative nūn is deleted and the final alif is orthographic.

فَلَهُمْ — then for them
Grammar: فَ begins the result, لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate.

عَذَابُ — (is the) punishment
Grammar: A nominative delayed topic, annexed to جَهَنَّمَ; its clause forms the predicate of إِنَّ.

جَهَنَّمَ — (of) Hell
Grammar: A proper name serving as the genitive complement of عَذَابُ, marked by fatḥa because it is diptote.

وَلَهُمْ — and for them
Grammar: وَ coordinates, لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate.

عَذَابُ — (is the) punishment
Grammar: A nominative delayed topic, annexed to ٱلْحَرِيقِ.

ٱلْحَرِيقِ — (of) the Burning Fire
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; حَرِيقِ is the genitive complement of عَذَابُ.

3. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 11

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّـٰتٌۭ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْكَبِيرُ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِينَ is the noun of إِنَّ, followed by its relative clauses. لَهُمْ جَنَّـٰتٌ is the predicate; تَجْرِى...ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ describes the gardens. ذَٰلِكَ is a new topic with ٱلْفَوْزُ as predicate.

Ayah summary
Those who believe and do righteous deeds will have gardens with flowing rivers and the greatest success.

إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle; its noun and predicate follow.

ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the accusative noun of إِنَّ.

ءَامَنُوا۟ — believe
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.

وَعَمِلُوا۟ — and do
Grammar: وَ coordinates; عَمِلُوا۟ is a third-person masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.

ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ — the righteous deeds
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; صَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ is the accusative object of عَمِلُوا۟, marked by kasra as a sound feminine plural.

لَهُمْ — for them
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and attached هُمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is the fronted predicate.

جَنَّـٰتٌۭ — (will be) Gardens
Grammar: An indefinite sound-feminine-plural nominative delayed topic; the nominal clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.

تَجْرِى — flow
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular indicative imperfect; its understood subject is supplied by the following ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ, and the clause describes جَنَّـٰتٌ.

مِن — from
Grammar: A preposition linked to تَجْرِى.

تَحْتِهَا — underneath it
Grammar: تَحْتِ is genitive after مِن and annexed to attached هَا, which is its genitive possessor.

ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ۚ — the rivers
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; أَنْهَـٰرُ is the nominative subject of تَجْرِى.

ذَٰلِكَ — That
Grammar: A masculine-singular demonstrative functioning as the nominative topic.

ٱلْفَوْزُ — (is) the success
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; فَوْزُ is the nominative predicate of ذَٰلِكَ.

ٱلْكَبِيرُ — the great
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; كَبِيرُ is a masculine-singular nominative adjective of ٱلْفَوْزُ.

4. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 12

إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ
Sentence structure
بَطْشَ is the accusative noun of إِنَّ and is annexed to رَبِّكَ. In لَشَدِيدٌ, لَ is emphatic and شَدِيدٌ the nominative predicate.

Ayah summary
Your Lord’s seizure of oppressors and criminals is exceedingly severe.

إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle; its noun and predicate follow.

بَطْشَ — (the) Grip
Grammar: An accusative verbal noun functioning as the noun of إِنَّ and annexed to رَبِّكَ.

رَبِّكَ — (of) your Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is the genitive complement of بَطْشَ and attached كَ its genitive possessor.

لَشَدِيدٌ — (is) surely strong
Grammar: لَ is the emphatic lām; شَدِيدٌ is the indefinite nominative predicate of إِنَّ.

5. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 13

إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ
Sentence structure
Attached هُۥ is the noun of إِنَّ and هُوَ adds emphasis/separation. يُبْدِئُ is the verbal predicate and وَيُعِيدُ is coordinated with it; both have understood subjects.

Ayah summary
Allah alone creates the first time and will bring creation to life again after death.

إِنَّهُۥ — Indeed He
Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached هُۥ is its accusative noun.

هُوَ — He
Grammar: A detached third-person masculine-singular pronoun adding emphasis/separation.

يُبْدِئُ — originates
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood هُوَ as subject; its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.

وَيُعِيدُ — and repeats
Grammar: وَ coordinates; يُعِيدُ is a Form IV third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood هُوَ as subject.

6. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 14

وَهُوَ ٱلْغَفُورُ ٱلْوَدُودُ
Sentence structure
هُوَ is the topic. ٱلْغَفُورُ is its first nominative predicate and ٱلْوَدُودُ its second nominative predicate.

Ayah summary
Allah forgives His obedient servants and bestows His love upon them.

وَهُوَ — And He
Grammar: وَ coordinates and هُوَ is a detached third-person masculine-singular pronoun functioning as the topic.

ٱلْغَفُورُ — (is) the Oft-Forgiving
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; غَفُورُ is an intensive noun functioning as the first nominative predicate of هُوَ.

ٱلْوَدُودُ — the Most Loving
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; وَدُودُ is an intensive noun functioning as the second nominative predicate of هُوَ.

7. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 15

ذُو ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱلْمَجِيدُ
Sentence structure
ذُو continues the predicates of هُوَ and is nominative with wāw as one of the five nouns. It is annexed to ٱلْعَرْشِ, while ٱلْمَجِيدُ is its nominative adjective.

Ayah summary
He is the Lord of the Throne and the Possessor of glory.

ذُو — Owner (of)
Grammar: One of the five nouns, nominative with wāw, functioning as a further predicate of هُوَ and annexed to ٱلْعَرْشِ.

ٱلْعَرْشِ — the Throne
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; عَرْشِ is the genitive complement of ذُو.

ٱلْمَجِيدُ — the Glorious
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; مَجِيدُ is a masculine-singular nominative adjective of ذُو.