Ayahs 16–22 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Buruj — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 16
فَعَّالٌۭ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ
Sentence structure
فَعَّالٌ is another nominative predicate, or a predicate with an understood topic. لِّمَا is linked to it; يُرِيدُ is the relative clause of مَا with an omitted returning object.
Ayah summary
He does whatever He wills according to His wisdom, and none can hinder Him.
فَعَّالٌۭ — Doer
Grammar: An intensive active participle in the nominative, functioning as another predicate or as the predicate of an understood topic.
لِّمَا — of what
Grammar: لِّ is a preposition and مَا a relative pronoun in the genitive position; the phrase is linked to فَعَّالٌ.
يُرِيدُ — He intends
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood هُوَ as subject; it forms the relative clause and has an omitted returning object.
2. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 17
هَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ ٱلْجُنُودِ
Sentence structure
هَلْ introduces the question. أَتَىٰكَ has attached كَ as its fronted object, while حَدِيثُ is the delayed nominative subject annexed to ٱلْجُنُودِ.
Ayah summary
Has the account of the earlier armies reached you?
هَلْ — Has
Grammar: A non-governing interrogative particle.
أَتَىٰكَ — come to you
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect; attached كَ is its fronted accusative object.
حَدِيثُ — (the) story
Grammar: A nominative delayed subject of أَتَىٰكَ, annexed to ٱلْجُنُودِ.
ٱلْجُنُودِ — (of) the hosts
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; جُنُودِ is the genitive complement of حَدِيثُ.
3. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 18
فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ
Sentence structure
فِرْعَوْنَ is a genitive apposition to ٱلْجُنُودِ, marked by fatḥa because it is diptote. وَثَمُودَ is coordinated with it and has the same genitive marking.
Ayah summary
Pharaoh and Thamud were given respite, then seized severely for their disbelief and rebellion.
فِرْعَوْنَ — Firaun
Grammar: A proper name functioning as a genitive apposition to ٱلْجُنُودِ, marked by fatḥa because it is diptote.
وَثَمُودَ — and Thamud
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ثَمُودَ is a proper name coordinated with فِرْعَوْنَ and genitive with fatḥa because it is diptote.
4. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 19
بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِى تَكْذِيبٍۢ
Sentence structure
بَلِ resumes with contrast. ٱلَّذِينَ is the nominative topic and كَفَرُوا۟ its relative clause; فِى تَكْذِيبٍ is the predicate.
Ayah summary
Instead of taking warning from earlier events, the deniers persist in rejecting the truth.
بَلِ — Nay
Grammar: A non-governing contrastive/resumptive particle; its final kasra avoids two consonants meeting.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the nominative topic; its relative clause follows.
كَفَرُوا۟ — disbelieve
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
فِى — (are) in
Grammar: A preposition; the phrase فِى تَكْذِيبٍۢ functions as the predicate of ٱلَّذِينَ.
تَكْذِيبٍۢ — denial
Grammar: An indefinite Form II verbal noun in the genitive after فِى.
5. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 20
وَٱللَّهُ مِن وَرَآئِهِم مُّحِيطٌۢ
Sentence structure
ٱللَّهُ is the nominative topic and مُّحِيطٌۢ its nominative predicate. مِن وَرَآئِهِم is linked to the predicate; attached هِم is the possessor of وَرَآءِ.
Ayah summary
Allah has encompassed them in His power, so they cannot escape His punishment.
وَٱللَّهُ — But Allah
Grammar: وَ coordinates and ٱللَّهُ is the nominative topic.
مِن — from
Grammar: A preposition governing وَرَآئِهِم; the phrase is linked to مُّحِيطٌۢ.
وَرَآئِهِم — behind them
Grammar: وَرَآءِ is genitive after مِن and attached هِم its genitive possessor.
مُّحِيطٌۢ — encompasses
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative Form IV active participle functioning as the predicate of ٱللَّهُ.
6. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 21
بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌۭ مَّجِيدٌۭ
Sentence structure
بَلْ resumes with contrast. هُوَ is the topic, قُرْءَانٌۭ its nominative predicate, and مَّجِيدٌۭ a matching nominative adjective.
Ayah summary
This Qur’an is glorious, and the deniers’ rejection cannot diminish its greatness.
بَلْ — Nay
Grammar: A non-governing contrastive/resumptive particle.
هُوَ — It
Grammar: A detached third-person masculine-singular pronoun functioning as the nominative topic.
قُرْءَانٌۭ — (is) a Quran
Grammar: An indefinite nominative proper noun functioning as the predicate of هُوَ.
مَّجِيدٌۭ — Glorious
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular nominative adjective of قُرْءَانٌۭ.
7. Surah Al-Buruj · Ayah 22
فِى لَوْحٍۢ مَّحْفُوظٍۭ
Sentence structure
فِى لَوْحٍ continues the description of the Quran: فِى governs لَوْحٍ, and مَّحْفُوظٍۭ is its matching genitive adjective.
Ayah summary
It is written in the Preserved Tablet and safeguarded from every alteration.
فِى — In
Grammar: A preposition governing لَوْحٍۢ; the phrase continues the description of the Quran.
لَوْحٍۢ — a Tablet
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive noun after فِى.
مَّحْفُوظٍۭ — Guarded
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-singular genitive passive participle functioning as the adjective of لَوْحٍۢ.