Ayahs 14–19 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Infitar — Part 3 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 14
وَإِنَّ ٱلْفُجَّارَ لَفِى جَحِيمٍۢ
Sentence structure
This coordinated emphatic clause parallels the preceding one: ٱلْفُجَّارَ is the noun of إِنَّ, and لَفِى جَحِيمٍ its predicate.
Ayah summary
The wicked will be in Hell.
وَإِنَّ — And indeed
Grammar: وَ coordinates this clause with the preceding one; إِنَّ is an accusative and emphatic particle.
ٱلْفُجَّارَ — the wicked
Grammar: A definite accusative noun functioning as the noun of إِنَّ.
لَفِى — (will be) surely in
Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām and فِى a preposition; the phrase forms the predicate of إِنَّ.
جَحِيمٍۢ — Hellfire
Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by فِى.
2. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 15
يَصْلَوْنَهَا يَوْمَ ٱلدِّينِ
Sentence structure
The verbal clause is circumstantial, describing the wicked. يَصْلَوْنَهَا has attached wāw as subject and هَا as object; يَوْمَ ٱلدِّينِ is its time expression.
Ayah summary
They will enter it on the Day of Recompense.
يَصْلَوْنَهَا — They will burn (in) it
Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect of the five verbs. Attached و is the subject, final ن marks the indicative, and هَا is the object.
يَوْمَ — (on the) Day
Grammar: An accusative time adverb linked to يَصْلَوْنَهَا and annexed to ٱلدِّينِ.
ٱلدِّينِ — (of) the Judgment
Grammar: A definite genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of يَوْمَ.
3. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 16
وَمَا هُمْ عَنْهَا بِغَآئِبِينَ
Sentence structure
The circumstantial wāw introduces a negative nominal clause. In one Hijazi grammatical reading, مَا works like لَيْسَ: هُمْ is its noun and بِغَآئِبِينَ its emphatic predicate; a non-governing analysis is also recognized.
Ayah summary
They will neither escape Hell nor leave it after entering.
وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ is circumstantial. مَا is negative: it works like لَيْسَ in the Hijazi analysis and is non-governing in the Tamimi analysis.
هُمْ — they
Grammar: A detached third-person masculine plural pronoun: the noun of مَا in the Hijazi analysis and the topic in the non-governing analysis.
عَنْهَا — from it
Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition and attached هَا its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to بِغَآئِبِينَ.
بِغَآئِبِينَ — (will be) absent
Grammar: بِ is an extra emphatic preposition, so the sound masculine plural active participle is genitive in form with yā. In the Hijazi analysis it is the predicate of مَا and accusative in position; in the non-governing analysis it is the predicate of هُمْ and nominative in position. The final nūn is a nominal plural ending.
4. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 17
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ
Sentence structure
The first interrogative مَا is the topic and أَدْرَىٰكَ its predicate. The inner nominal clause مَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ supplies what is made known.
Ayah summary
The full terror of the Day of Recompense is beyond human comprehension.
وَمَآ — And what
Grammar: وَ resumes the discourse; interrogative مَا functions as the topic.
أَدْرَىٰكَ — can make you know
Grammar: A Form IV perfect verb. Its understood subject returns to the interrogative, attached كَ is the first object, and the following question supplies the second.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic of the inner nominal clause.
يَوْمُ — (is the) Day
Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the predicate of the preceding interrogative مَا; it is also annexed to ٱلدِّينِ.
ٱلدِّينِ — (of) the Judgment
Grammar: A definite genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of يَوْمُ.
5. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 18
ثُمَّ مَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ
Sentence structure
ثُمَّ repeats the warning with added emphasis. Its two interrogative clauses have the same construction as the preceding ayah.
Ayah summary
The warning is repeated: the reality of that day cannot be fully grasped.
ثُمَّ — Then
Grammar: A conjunction indicating sequence with delay and adding emphasis here.
مَآ — what
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic.
أَدْرَىٰكَ — can make you know
Grammar: A Form IV perfect verb with an understood subject; attached كَ is the first object and the following interrogative clause supplies the second.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic of the inner nominal clause.
يَوْمُ — (is the) Day
Grammar: A nominative noun functioning as the predicate of interrogative مَا and annexed to ٱلدِّينِ.
ٱلدِّينِ — (of) the Judgment
Grammar: A definite genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of يَوْمُ.
6. Surah Al-Infitar · Ayah 19
يَوْمَ لَا تَمْلِكُ نَفْسٌۭ لِّنَفْسٍۢ شَيْـًۭٔا ۖ وَٱلْأَمْرُ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لِّلَّهِ
Sentence structure
يَوْمَ is an accusative time noun governed by an omitted verb and annexed to the following clause; the omitted governor is left unspecified. In that clause, نَفْسٌ is the subject of تَمْلِكُ and شَيْـًٔا its object. Then ٱلْأَمْرُ is the topic, لِلَّهِ its predicate, and يَوْمَئِذٍ locates this nominal clause in time.
Ayah summary
On that day, no soul will help another without Allah’s permission, and all command will belong to Allah alone.
يَوْمَ — (The) Day
Grammar: An accusative time noun governed by an omitted verb and annexed to the following clause; the omitted governor is left unspecified.
لَا — not
Grammar: A non-governing negative particle.
تَمْلِكُ — will have power
Grammar: A third-person feminine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject is نَفْسٌ.
نَفْسٌۭ — a soul
Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the subject.
لِّنَفْسٍۢ — for a soul
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and نَفْسٍ its genitive noun; the phrase is linked to تَمْلِكُ.
شَيْـًۭٔا ۖ — anything
Grammar: accusative noun functioning as the object.
وَٱلْأَمْرُ — and the Command
Grammar: وَ resumes the discourse; ٱلْأَمْرُ is a nominative topic.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ — that Day
Grammar: An accusative time adverb locating the clause ٱلْأَمْرُ ... لِلَّهِ in that time.
لِّلَّهِ — (will belong) to Allah
Grammar: A prepositional phrase functioning as the predicate of ٱلْأَمْرُ.