Ayahs 1–5 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Masad — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Masad · Ayah 1
تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ ١
Sentence structure
Perfect تَبَّتْ takes dual nominative يَدَآ as its subject. أَبِى لَهَبٍ completes the annexation, while وَتَبَّ is a coordinated perfect clause.
Ayah summary
May Abu Lahab’s hands perish, and may he perish.
تَبَّتْ — Perish
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular perfect preceding its dual feminine subject.
يَدَآ — (the) hands
Grammar: A feminine dual nominative noun serving as subject of تَبَّتْ and as the first term of an annexation.
أَبِى — (of) Abu
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun serving as the second term after يَدَآ and as the first term before لَهَبٍ.
لَهَبٍۢ — Lahab
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun completing the name's annexation after أَبِى.
وَتَبَّ — and perish he
Grammar: وَ coordinates; تَبَّ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect whose subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
2. Surah Al-Masad · Ayah 2
مَآ أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥ وَمَا كَسَبَ ٢
Sentence structure
Negative مَآ governs the clause أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥ, in which مَالُهُۥ is the subject. Coordinated relative expression وَمَا is followed by its relative clause كَسَبَ.
Ayah summary
His wealth and what he earned will not avail him.
مَآ — Not
Grammar: A negating particle governing the following perfect clause.
أَغْنَىٰ — (will) avail
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect negated by مَآ.
عَنْهُ — him
Grammar: Preposition عَنْ governs attached third-person masculine-singular pronoun هُ; the phrase is linked to أَغْنَىٰ.
مَالُهُۥ — his wealth
Grammar: The masculine nominative noun مَالُ is subject of أَغْنَىٰ; attached هُۥ is its possessive.
وَمَا — and what
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a relative expression followed by its clause.
كَسَبَ — he earned
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular perfect forming the relative clause after مَا; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
3. Surah Al-Masad · Ayah 3
سَيَصْلَىٰ نَارًا ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ ٣
Sentence structure
Future particle سَ precedes imperfect يَصْلَىٰ. نَارًا is its object, ذَاتَ is an accusative adjective describing the fire, and لَهَبٍ completes its annexation.
Ayah summary
He will enter a fiercely blazing fire.
سَيَصْلَىٰ — He will be burnt
Grammar: Future particle سَ precedes the third-person masculine-singular imperfect يَصْلَىٰ; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
نَارًۭا — (in) a Fire
Grammar: An indefinite feminine accusative noun serving as object of يَصْلَىٰ.
ذَاتَ — of
Grammar: A feminine accusative noun used adjectivally to describe نَارًا and serving as the first term of an annexation.
لَهَبٍۢ — Blazing Flames
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun serving as the second term after ذَاتَ.
4. Surah Al-Masad · Ayah 4
وَٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ حَمَّالَةَ ٱلْحَطَبِ ٤
Sentence structure
Nominative وَٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ is coordinated with the hidden subject «هُوَ» of يَصْلَىٰ in the preceding sentence, and accusative active participle حَمَّالَةَ is a circumstantial expression describing ٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ. ٱلْحَطَبِ completes its annexation.
Ayah summary
And so will his wife, the carrier of firewood.
وَٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ — And his wife
Grammar: وَ coordinates; nominative ٱمْرَأَتُ is coordinated with the hidden subject «هُوَ» of يَصْلَىٰ, and attached هُۥ is possessive.
حَمَّالَةَ — (the) carrier
Grammar: A feminine-singular accusative active participle serving as a circumstantial expression describing ٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ.
ٱلْحَطَبِ — (of) firewood
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive noun serving as the second term after حَمَّالَةَ.
5. Surah Al-Masad · Ayah 5
فِى جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍۭ ٥
Sentence structure
فِى جِيدِهَا is linked to an omitted predicate of nominative حَبْلٌ. The resulting nominal sentence functions as a circumstantial clause describing ٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ, while مِّن مَّسَدٍۭ is linked to حَبْلٌ and describes its material.
Ayah summary
Around her neck will be a rope of tightly twisted palm fibre.
فِى — In
Grammar: A preposition beginning فِى جِيدِهَا, a phrase linked to the omitted predicate of حَبْلٌ.
جِيدِهَا — her neck
Grammar: The masculine genitive noun جِيدِ is governed by فِى; attached هَا is a third-person feminine-singular possessive.
حَبْلٌۭ — (will be) a rope
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative noun serving as the subject of an omitted predicate; the resulting nominal clause is circumstantial and describes ٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ.
مِّن — of
Grammar: A preposition beginning a phrase linked to حَبْلٌ and describing its material.
مَّسَدٍۭ — palm-fiber
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive noun governed by مِّن.