Ayahs 1–7 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Ma‘un — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 1
أَرَءَيْتَ ٱلَّذِى يُكَذِّبُ بِٱلدِّينِ ١
Sentence structure
Interrogative أَ prefixes the second-person perfect رَءَيْتَ. Masculine relative pronoun ٱلَّذِى is its object. Its relative clause contains Form II imperfect يُكَذِّبُ and linked phrase بِٱلدِّينِ.
Ayah summary
Have you seen the one who denies the Dīn?
أَرَءَيْتَ — Have you seen
Grammar: Interrogative أَ with second-person masculine-singular perfect رَءَيْتَ; attached تَ is the visible subject.
ٱلَّذِى — the one who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun functioning as the object of أَرَءَيْتَ.
يُكَذِّبُ — denies
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular imperfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
بِٱلدِّينِ — the Judgment
Grammar: Preposition بِ governs the defined masculine genitive noun ٱلدِّينِ; the phrase is linked to يُكَذِّبُ.
2. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 2
فَذَٰلِكَ ٱلَّذِى يَدُعُّ ٱلْيَتِيمَ ٢
Sentence structure
فَ connects the answer and ذَٰلِكَ is a masculine demonstrative. ٱلَّذِى begins its relative clause, in which يَدُعُّ is an imperfect verb and ٱلْيَتِيمَ its accusative object.
Ayah summary
This is the one who harshly repels the orphan.
فَذَٰلِكَ — Then that
Grammar: فَ connects the answer and ذَٰلِكَ is the topic; its predicate is a nominal sentence with hidden subject «هُوَ» and the following ٱلَّذِى as that subject's predicate.
ٱلَّذِى — (is) the one who
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative pronoun beginning its relative clause.
يَدُعُّ — repulses
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect in the relative clause; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
ٱلْيَتِيمَ — the orphan
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative object of يَدُعُّ.
3. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 3
وَلَا يَحُضُّ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ ٱلْمِسْكِينِ ٣
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates and لَا negates the imperfect يَحُضُّ. عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ is linked to the verb, and ٱلْمِسْكِينِ is the genitive complement of طَعَامِ.
Ayah summary
And he does not encourage feeding the needy.
وَلَا — And (does) not
Grammar: وَ coordinates and لَا is a negating particle for the following imperfect.
يَحُضُّ — feel the urge
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect negated by لَا; its subject is the hidden pronoun «هُوَ».
عَلَىٰ — to
Grammar: A preposition linked to يَحُضُّ and governing the following noun.
طَعَامِ — feed
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun governed by عَلَىٰ and annexed to the next noun.
ٱلْمِسْكِينِ — the poor
Grammar: A defined masculine-singular genitive complement of طَعَامِ.
4. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 4
فَوَيْلٌ لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ ٤
Sentence structure
فَ introduces the consequence and وَيْلٌۭ is an indefinite nominative noun. In لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ, لِ governs the defined masculine-plural genitive Form II active participle ٱلْمُصَلِّينَ.
Ayah summary
So woe to those who pray.
فَوَيْلٌۭ — So woe
Grammar: فَ connects the consequence; وَيْلٌۭ is an indefinite masculine nominative topic with an omitted predicate.
لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ — to those who pray
Grammar: Preposition لِ governs ٱلْمُصَلِّينَ; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of وَيْلٌۭ.
5. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 5
ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ ٥
Sentence structure
Plural relative pronoun ٱلَّذِينَ describes ٱلْمُصَلِّينَ in the preceding ayah. In its relative clause, هُمْ is the subject, سَاهُونَ the nominative active-participle predicate, and عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ is linked to the predicate.
Ayah summary
They are heedless of their prayer.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as adjective of ٱلْمُصَلِّينَ in the preceding ayah.
هُمْ — [they]
Grammar: An explicit third-person masculine-plural pronoun serving as subject of the nominal clause.
عَن — about
Grammar: A preposition linked to سَاهُونَ and governing the following noun.
صَلَاتِهِمْ — their prayers
Grammar: صَلَاتِ is a feminine genitive noun governed by عَن; attached هِمْ is its possessive pronoun.
سَاهُونَ — (are) neglectful
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural nominative active participle serving as predicate of هُمْ.
6. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 6
ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَآءُونَ ٦
Sentence structure
The second ٱلَّذِينَ is apposition to the preceding relative pronoun. هُمْ is the subject of the nominal clause, while Form III masculine-plural imperfect يُرَآءُونَ forms its predicate; the visible group-wāw is the verb's subject and final nūn marks the indicative.
Ayah summary
They perform their deeds to be seen by people.
ٱلَّذِينَ — Those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun in apposition to the preceding ٱلَّذِينَ.
هُمْ — [they]
Grammar: An explicit third-person masculine-plural pronoun serving as subject of the nominal clause.
يُرَآءُونَ — make show
Grammar: A Form III third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect. Visible group-wāw is the subject, and final nūn is the indicative marker of the five-verbs pattern.
7. Surah Al-Ma‘un · Ayah 7
وَيَمْنَعُونَ ٱلْمَاعُونَ ٧
Sentence structure
وَ coordinates يَمْنَعُونَ to the preceding verb. It is a masculine-plural indicative imperfect with visible group-wāw as subject and final nūn as the indicative marker; ٱلْمَاعُونَ is its accusative object.
Ayah summary
And they withhold even ordinary useful things.
وَيَمْنَعُونَ — And they deny
Grammar: وَ coordinates a third-person masculine-plural indicative imperfect. Visible group-wāw is the subject, and final nūn is the indicative marker.
ٱلْمَاعُونَ — [the] small kindnesses
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative object of يَمْنَعُونَ.