Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 4

Ayahs 23–29 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 4 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 23

عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ يَنظُرُونَ Sentence structure عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ situates the righteous and is parsed either as a second predicate of إِنَّ or as a circumstantial phrase. يَنظُرُونَ is a circumstantial verbal clause. Ayah summary They will sit upon couches, looking at the blessings of Paradise. عَلَى — On Grammar: A preposition. With its genitive noun, the phrase is analyzed as either a second predicate of إِنَّ or a circumstantial phrase describing the righteous. ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ — thrones Grammar: A definite genitive plural noun governed by عَلَى. يَنظُرُونَ — observing Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming a circumstantial clause. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.

2. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 24

تَعْرِفُ فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ ٱلنَّعِيمِ Sentence structure تَعْرِفُ has the necessarily understood subject أَنْتَ. نَضْرَةَ is its object; فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ is linked to the verb and ٱلنَّعِيمِ is a genitive complement. Ayah summary The freshness of Paradise’s comfort and joy will be visible on their faces. تَعْرِفُ — You will recognize Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular imperfect with necessarily understood أَنْتَ as subject; نَضْرَةَ is its object. فِى — in Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. وُجُوهِهِمْ — their faces Grammar: A genitive plural noun governed by فِى; attached هِمْ is its genitive possessor. نَضْرَةَ — (the) radiance Grammar: An indefinite feminine accusative noun functioning as the object of تَعْرِفُ and annexed to ٱلنَّعِيمِ. ٱلنَّعِيمِ — (of) bliss Grammar: A definite genitive noun functioning as the genitive complement of نَضْرَةَ.

3. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 25

يُسْقَوْنَ مِن رَّحِيقٍۢ مَّخْتُومٍ Sentence structure يُسْقَوْنَ is a passive imperfect: attached و is the deputy subject and final ن marks the indicative. مِن رَّحِيقٍ is linked to it, and مَّخْتُومٍ describes رَّحِيقٍ. Ayah summary They will be given a pure, sealed drink. يُسْقَوْنَ — They will be given to drink Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural passive imperfect. Attached و is the deputy subject and final ن marks the indicative. مِن — of Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. رَّحِيقٍۢ — a pure wine Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by مِن. مَّخْتُومٍ — sealed Grammar: An indefinite genitive passive-participle adjective describing رَّحِيقٍ.

4. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 26

خِتَـٰمُهُۥ مِسْكٌۭ ۚ وَفِى ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ ٱلْمُتَنَـٰفِسُونَ Sentence structure خِتَـٰمُهُۥ مِسْكٌ is a nominal clause describing رَحِيقٍ. In the resumed clause, فِى ذَٰلِكَ is linked to يَتَنَافَسِ; command-lām makes that Form VI imperfect jussive, and ٱلْمُتَنَـٰفِسُونَ is its subject. Ayah summary Its seal will be of musk, and people should strive for this blessing. خِتَـٰمُهُۥ — Its seal Grammar: A nominative topic; attached هُۥ is its genitive possessor. The nominal clause describes رَحِيقٍ. مِسْكٌۭ ۚ — (will be of) musk Grammar: An indefinite nominative noun functioning as the predicate of خِتَـٰمُهُۥ. وَفِى — And for Grammar: وَ is resumptive and فِى a preposition; the phrase is linked to يَتَنَافَسِ. ذَٰلِكَ — that Grammar: A masculine-singular demonstrative in the genitive position after فِى. فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ — let aspire Grammar: فَ resumes/causes, لْ is command-lām, and يَتَنَافَسِ is a Form VI masculine-singular imperfect made jussive by it. The final kasra avoids two consonants meeting. ٱلْمُتَنَـٰفِسُونَ — the aspirers Grammar: A definite Form VI masculine-plural active participle functioning as the subject of يَتَنَافَسِ, nominative with wāw; final nūn is nominal.

5. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 27

وَمِزَاجُهُۥ مِن تَسْنِيمٍ Sentence structure This nominal clause is coordinated with خِتَـٰمُهُۥ مِسْكٌ. مِزَاجُهُۥ is the topic and مِن تَسْنِيمٍ is linked to its omitted predicate. Ayah summary That pure drink will be blended with Tasnim. وَمِزَاجُهُۥ — And its mixture Grammar: وَ coordinates the nominal clause. مِزَاجُ is a nominative topic and attached هُۥ its genitive possessor. مِن — (is) of Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. تَسْنِيمٍ — Tasneem Grammar: An indefinite genitive noun governed by مِن; the phrase is linked to the omitted predicate of مِزَاجُهُۥ.

6. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 28

عَيْنًۭا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ Sentence structure عَيْنًا is accusative, with more than one recognized analysis for its governor. يَشْرَبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ is an adjectival clause: ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ is the subject and بِهَا is linked to the verb. Ayah summary Tasnim is a spring from which those brought near drink pure. عَيْنًۭا — A spring Grammar: An indefinite feminine accusative noun. Its governor has several recognized analyses, so the learner wording does not select one. يَشْرَبُ — will drink Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect beginning an adjectival clause for عَيْنًا; its explicit subject is ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ. بِهَا — from it Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هَا its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to يَشْرَبُ. ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ — those brought near Grammar: A definite Form II masculine-plural passive participle functioning as the subject of يَشْرَبُ, nominative with wāw; final nūn is nominal.

7. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 29

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا۟ كَانُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ يَضْحَكُونَ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِينَ is the noun of إِنَّ and أَجْرَمُوا۟ its relative clause. كَانُوا۟ has attached wāw as its noun, while يَضْحَكُونَ is its verbal predicate; مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ is linked to that predicate. Ayah summary In this world, the sinners used to mock the believers. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: an accusative and emphatic particle. ٱلَّذِينَ — those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the accusative noun of إِنَّ. أَجْرَمُوا۟ — committed crimes Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic. كَانُوا۟ — used to Grammar: A deficient masculine-plural perfect. Attached و is the noun of كَانَ; يَضْحَكُونَ is its predicate. مِنَ — at Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement. ٱلَّذِينَ — those who Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun in the genitive position after مِنَ; its relative clause follows. ءَامَنُوا۟ — believed Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic. يَضْحَكُونَ — laugh Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming the predicate of كَانُوا۟. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.

Practice questions

Question 1

عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ يَنظُرُونَ ۝٢٣ What is the clause يَنظُرُونَ?

  • A circumstantial clause
  • A relative clause
  • An oath response
  • A passive clause

Question 2

تَعْرِفُ فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ۝٢٤ What is نَضْرَةَ after تَعْرِفُ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive complement

Question 3

يُسْقَوْنَ مِن رَّحِيقٍۢ مَّخْتُومٍ ۝٢٥ What is attached و in passive يُسْقَوْنَ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Deputy subject
  • Genitive pronoun

Question 4

خِتَـٰمُهُۥ مِسْكٌۭ ۚ وَفِى ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ ٱلْمُتَنَـٰفِسُونَ ۝٢٦ What does لْ do in فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ?

  • Makes a noun genitive
  • Marks emphasis
  • Makes a verb accusative
  • Gives a command and makes the imperfect jussive

Question 5

وَمِزَاجُهُۥ مِن تَسْنِيمٍ ۝٢٧ What is مِزَاجُهُۥ?

  • A nominative topic
  • An accusative object
  • A genitive adjective
  • A verb

Question 6

عَيْنًۭا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ ۝٢٨ What is the subject of يَشْرَبُ?

  • عَيْنًا
  • ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ
  • Attached هَا
  • An implied singular pronoun

Question 7

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا۟ كَانُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ يَضْحَكُونَ ۝٢٩ What is يَضْحَكُونَ after كَانُوا۟?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Predicate of kāna
  • Adjective

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